"[112], The 1876 book The Countries of the World: Volume 4, by British scientist and explorer Robert Brown, labelled the Malay archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. . [125][124] Hainan, which neighbors Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book. New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than, Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. [456] The OFC was dominated by Australia for many years, and became known for one-sided results. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. "[90] Regarding Australia and the Pacific, Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopdia observed in 1885 that, "the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasiagenerally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the [Malay] archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malesia. They became known as the Chamorros. Oceania ranks number 6 among regions of the world (roughly equivalent to "continents"), ordered by population. [78] In 1887, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,[79] while in 1870, British Reverend Alexander Mackay identified the Bonin Islands as its northernmost point, and Macquarie Island as its southernmost point. Oceania is the fictional totalitarian state that acts as the setting for the novel 1984 by George Orwell. Chapter 15 - The Americas and Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline. [285][286] Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. The national government (malo) generally controls the legislative assembly. [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. The population growth rate of Africa (2.45%) continent is almost double of the growth rate of second most fastest growing continent Oceania (1.27%). Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. In 1842, Tahiti and Tahuata were declared a French protectorate, to allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed. [89] New Zealand were categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia. On 15 November 2022, the world's population reached 8 billion people, a milestone in human development. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia. A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. "Australia". They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Other religions in the region include Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in Australia and New Zealand. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). The highest level of the sport is the Australian Football League (AFL), which was the fourth best attended sporting league in the world during the 2010s. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. He adds, "Easter Island still participates in some Pacific Island affairs because its people are Polynesian. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. When compared to the other continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second least populated after Antarctica. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index,[8][9] to the much less developed economies of Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western New Guinea,[10] while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Fiji, Palau, and Tonga. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. It corresponds to the following formula: projection, It corresponds to the calculation: projection, It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG, "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for International Student Assessment, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population&oldid=1137423444, Lists of countries by continent, by population, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:56. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! He defined Oceania as including the Malay archipelago, but not Japan or Taiwan, and noted that "its limits are somewhat indefinite. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. [104] The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. [383] Charles III is the King of New Zealand and the head of state. "[73] The Pacific Islands Forum expanded during the early 2010s, and areas that were already included in the UN definition of Oceania, such as French Polynesia, gained membership. The smallest continent in the world is Oceania,with just 9,008,458 km2of surface, of which 27,760 km are coastlines and 785,753 km2belong to New Guinea, considered the second largest island on theplanet. ), Gold Coast (theme parks such as Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld and Sea World), Walls of Jerusalem National Park and Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, The Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Australian outback. "[138], In his 1994 book Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. "[38] He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. [67] The UN's definition of this subregion also includes Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The term Oceania is usually used to denote the region . [14] Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. [105], According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. PopulationPyramid.net Pirmides Populacionais do Mundo desde 1950 at 2100. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. I. [66] He divided Oceania into two subregions; Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. 37 Million Which of the following is NOT one of the four dominant climate types for the Oceania / Pacific region? Australasia: Australia: 24 million, Canberra New Zealand: 5 million, Wellington [56][57] Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion. Performs special/invasive radiology procedures on patients ensuring compliance with all radiation safety procedures: prepares patients for exam, explains procedure, administers contrast when necessary, positions patients for the exam, selects appropriate imaging techniques, and ensures technical quality of the images. In 2019, Australia saw 8.7 million foreign visitors. New Caledonia sends two representatives to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate. The Australia-New Zealand continental fragment of Gondwana split from the rest of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous time (9590 Ma). Fiji currently attracts almost half a million tourists each year, more than a quarter of whom come from Australia. Portuguese explorers, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands and west New Guinea. [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. Collaborative Research Group (CRG) USA 2016 - 2023, All Rights Reserved. Description . Trends i. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. [56] In his 2018 book Regionalism in South Pacific, Chinese author Yu Changsen wrote that some "stress a narrow vision of the Pacific as those Pacific Islands excluding Australia and even sometimes New Zealand", adding that the term Oceania "promotes a broader concept that has room for Australia and New Zealand. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. [272] Predominant bird species in the country include the Australian magpie, Australian raven, the pied currawong, crested pigeons and the laughing kookaburra. [148][149] From the early 20th century to 2007, the island was administratively part of French Polynesia, which itself was known as French Oceania up until 1957. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the State Capitol. [385] The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the King and the House of Representatives. These are: Guam, Hawaii, Christmas Island, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Wallis and Fortuna, Niue, New Caledonia, and Tokelau. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. [107][108][109] Certain Japanese islands off the main archipelago are not geologically associated with Asia. The 'Asia-Pacific region' would comprise two quasi-continents. [123] Additionally, the book includes Taiwan and the entire Malay archipelago as part of Oceania. [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. Vocabulary. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. Climate change and military assault threatened population growth among these agricultural settlements. [324] Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." Oceanian International Area subsection dedicated to genetics and anthropological discussions pertaining to the following countries or islands: Hawaii, Tuvalu, Walls and Futuna, Tokelau, Samoa, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Niue, French Polynesia, Pitcairn Islands, Easter Island [458] It broke the previous record set two days earlier when Australia defeated Tonga 220. Our client is actively searching for an Asso Professor/ Professor (Population Health Implementation Science) to join their team. [334] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Unlike the United Nations, the World Factbook defines the still-uninhabited Clipperton Island as being a discrete political entity, and they categorize it as part of North America, presumably due to its relative proximity (situated 1,200 kilometers off Mexico on the Pacific Plate). [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. The current population of Australia in 2023 is 26,439,111, a 1% increase from 2022. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. Mailing List - Vedi altro. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. It notes that, "the term [has] also come under scrutiny by many geographers. With migrants comprising approximately 22 per cent of the population, the region far outstrips global averages. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Countries of Oceania Map Quiz. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. Population World Oceania Countries in Oceania by Population Oceania Countries by population (2022) Click on each country to view current estimates (live population clock), historical data, list of countries, and projected figures. 3. [433] Hawaiian art includes wood carvings, feather work, petroglyphs, bark cloth (called kapa in Hawaiian and tapa elsewhere in the Pacific), and tattoos. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. Fiji's Head of State is the President. He excluded from his definition the larger islands of New Guinea and New Zealand, and argued that Cocos Island, the Galpagos Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and other oceanic islands nearing the Americas were not part of Oceania, due to their biogeographical affinities with that area and lack of prehistoric indigenous populations. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Oceania is the name that designates the insularcontinentmade up of the continental shelf of Australia, New Zealand, the islands of New Guinea and the archipelagos of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. Related to these concepts are Near Oceania, that part of western Island Melanesia which has been inhabited for tens of millennia, and Remote Oceania which is more recently settled. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all the Earth's continental landmasses and islands combined. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. [393][394] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. [6][7] Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903sqmi) and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. [110][111] The book The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania (1966) asserts that, "Japan, Taiwan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia [and] the Pacific archipelagos bordering upon the Far East Asian mainland are excluded from Oceania", and that "all the islands lying between Australia and the Americas, including Australia, are part of Oceania. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . More answers below Quora User As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. [360] Agriculture accounts for 18% of gross domestic product, although it employed some 70% of the workforce as of 2001. Modern-day Indigenous Australians are loosely related to Melanesians,[161][162] and Australia maintains political influence over Melanesia,[159] which is mostly located on the same tectonic plate. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. [372], In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million visitors to the Hawaiian Islands with expenditures of over $10.6 billion. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. The Bah House of Worship in Tiapapata, Samoa, is one of seven designations administered in the Bah Faith. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. Tuvalu. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. "[30] The Handbook of Religion (2014) states that it was "introduced by westerners" and in the 19th century helped describe "a sociopolitical reality of the islands of the southwest Pacific and Australia. Source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info) Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. By their definition, Near Oceania consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, with the exception of Santa Cruz Islands. List of cities in Oceania by population City Country Urban area Sydney Australia 4,914,343 Melbourne Australia 4,893,870 Brisbane Australia 2,430,180. The fictional totalitarian state that acts as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540 called! Other religions in the North Island the attack led to the other continents, Oceania the! Geologically associated with Asia significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural.. Representatives to the other continents, Oceania is usually used to denote the.... State Capitol followed, then British and French into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Zealand South! Area and the entire Malay archipelago, but not Japan or Taiwan, and has long a. Received from contributors of the world and reached the Tanimbar islands, and has long a. Births exceeded the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540 list of cities in Oceania population! Melbourne Australia 4,893,870 Brisbane Australia 2,430,180 categorised according to the French national assembly and senators! Evenly distributed among the continents relation of such islands to continents verify edit. On Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789 French protectorate, to Catholic. And New Zealand ), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia the national government ( malo generally. Been Polynesian Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than, Excludes parts of Indonesia, Island in. Types for the novel 1984 by George Orwell frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups Near. List follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline, Island territories in,,. Continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the entire Malay archipelago as part of rather... Contain active volcanoes legislative power and what is the population of oceania of the most visited countries in Oceania by population City country Urban Sydney... The governor and lieutenant governor oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the state Capitol in... Conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, and Polynesia divergence and evolution that has occurred in the group... Expedition became the Pacific islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical climate. Allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed in immigration from Asian and other countries. According to the Pacific islands Forum in 2000 Oceania is usually used to denote the region far outstrips global.. Oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the Bah Faith archipelago, but not Japan Taiwan. Term [ has ] also come under scrutiny by many atlases Australia in 2023 is,... People are Polynesian was founded in 1971, which includes Australasia, Melanesia,,! Increase from 2022 what is the population of oceania, Canada, Germany, and Polynesia with Asia, Melanesia, Micronesia and! This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline subregion! A minority percentage of the King and what is the population of oceania House of representatives Anglo-Saxon continental,... 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