Vessel Events between fromdate and todate. Maintenance of the specification integrity is deemed critical for the performance of the AIS system and the safety of vessels and authorities using the technology. Addressed messages, while containing a destination MMSI, are not private and may be decoded by any receiver. Screenshot of APRS's Google Earth Application (Plug-In) for visualization of live AIS ship traffic. Shipboard AIS transceivers have a horizontal range that is highly variable, but typically only up to about 74 kilometres (46 mi). If the item already exists, it will update item's status. Four messages are defined for class B units: A number of manufacturers offer AIS receivers, designed for monitoring AIS traffic. The purpose of the access scheme is to offer an access algorithm which quickly resolves conflicts without intervention from If MMSI, IMO and SHIP ID are passed, the MMSI takes precedence and the IMO and SHIP ID will be ignored. respective Port page), The Distance (in NM) between the specified point or port to the destination port, Whether the vessel route passes via the Panama canal, Whether the vessel route passes via the Suez canal, Route/Waypoints as Linestring Geometry in WKT - Well-Known Text. The system provides for automatic contention resolution between itself and other stations, and communications integrity is maintained even in overload situations. The addition of satellite-based Class A and B messages could enable truly global AIS coverage but, because the satellite-based TDMA limitations will never match the reception performance of the terrestrial-based network, satellites will augment rather than replace the terrestrial system. Other information, such as the vessel name and VHF call sign, is programmed when installing the equipment and is also transmitted regularly. The purpose of the satellite is to improve surveillance of maritime activities in the High North. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/getfleets/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/protocol:xml, Description: Get event based intelligence for a vessel, Endpoint URL: https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/vesselevents/, Typical API call: Between January 2017 and January 2019, this network was significantly expanded through a partnership with L3Harris Corporation with 58 hosted payloads on the Iridium NEXT constellation. Sent to acknowledge the reception of a message 6. Values indicate in between set to be returned (time_anch_stdev:0.5,1.5). A repeat indicator that was designed to be used for repeating messages over obstacles by relay devices. Add to Cart. Description: Get expected arrivals to a specific port or country. Most mandates are focused on commercial vessels, with leisure vessels selectively choosing to fit. search for and recovery of survivors of an accident at sea). To create a new item in a fleet, use the active parameter. hour the data fields WIND_ANGLE, WIND_SPEED & WIND_TEMP return values, When the period is hourly, the data field This information includes static data such as a ship's length, width, draught, as well as the ship's intended destination. In 2010, the International Maritime Organization issued Circular 289 that defines the next iteration of ASMs for type 6 and 8 messages. This requires a dedicated VHF AIS transceiver that allows local traffic to be viewed on an AIS enabled chartplotter or computer monitor while transmitting information about the ship itself to other AIS receivers. For users with very large files, a command-line tool is also included that is optimized for 64-bit processing. The design of this technology is patented,[37] and whether this patent has been waived for use by SOLAS vessels is a matter of debate between the manufacturers of AIS systems and the patent holder, Håkan Lans. Hundreds of shore based users, including about 25 vessel traffic service (VTS) centers, are connected to the network and are able to see the maritime picture, and can also communicate with each ship using SRMs (Safety Related Messages). [40][41][42][43], There is a growing body of literature on methods of exploiting AIS data for safety and optimisation of seafaring, namely traffic analysis, anomaly detection, route extraction and prediction, collision detection, path planning, weather routing and many more [44][45][46], This article is about vessel tracking. This message is used for long-range detection of AIS Class A and Class B vessels (typically by satellite). Canadian-based exactEarth's AIS satellite network provides global coverage using 8 satellites. [16], In July 2014, ORBCOMM launched the first 6 OG2 satellites aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida. These may have two receivers, for monitoring both frequencies simultaneously, or they may switch between frequencies (thereby missing messages on the other channel, but at reduced price). These demodulate the signal from a modified marine VHF radiotelephone tuned to the AIS frequencies and convert into a digital format that the computer can read and display on a monitor; this data may then be shared via a local or wide area network via TCP or UDP protocols but will still be limited to the collective range of the radio receivers used in the network. The modulation index should be 0.5. However, position is typically provided by an external receiver such as GPS, LORAN-C or an inertial navigation system and the internal receiver is only used as a backup for position information. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/predictive-arrivals/YOUR-API-KEY/portid:value, Example API call: Therefore, every unit is required to have an internal time base, synchronized to a global navigation satellite system (e.g. Vessels On The Waters Near Oriental. Default transmit rate is normally every thirty seconds, but this can be varied according to vessel speed or instructions from base stations. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) number of the vessel you wish to track. Information provided by AIS equipment, such as unique identification, position, course, and speed, can be displayed on a screen or an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS). The MarineTraffic ID of the port you wish to monitor (found on the URL of the respective temporary changes and transitions in periodical reporting intervals; pre-announcement of safety related messages. The default value is /page:1/, Typical API call: It's also dependent on the limited range of your boat's AIS, which is a cousin to your boat's VHF radio. [9] In late 2011 and early 2012, ORBCOMM and Luxspace launched the Vesselsat AIS microsatellites, one in an equatorial orbit and the other in a polar orbit (VesselSat-2 and VesselSat-1). All 6 OG2 satellites were successfully deployed into orbit and started sending telemetry to ORBCOMM soon after launch. The standard deviation of days spent at anchorage the previous week. However, the audio output from the radio would need to be then decoded. Values indicate in between set to be returned. The MarineTraffic ID of the fleet you wish to track. MarineTraffic API allows you to integrate AIS data into your … One thing to know about Marine Traffic is that it requires AIS ground stations to relay a boat's location and track. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/getfleet/YOUR-API-KEY/protocol:value, Example API call: [5] AIS mobile apps are also readily available for use with Android, Windows and iOS devices. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/setfleet/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/mmsi:1234567890/active:1, Removes vessel from fleet. Nevertheless, since 2005, various entities have been experimenting with detecting AIS transmissions using satellite-based receivers and, since 2008, companies such as exactEarth, ORBCOMM, Spacequest, Spire and also government programs have deployed AIS receivers on satellites. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvessels/v:8/YOUR-API-KEY/MINLAT:value/MAXLAT:value/MINLON:value/MAXLON:value/timespan:#minutes/protocol:value, Example API call: TUG SWALLOW Built by JAMES POLLOCK, SONS & C0 Ltd. Marine Traffic AIS River Thames - Automatic Identification System AIS Live - TUG SWALLOW - Thames Lighterage Launch Tug - Built 1937 by James Pollock and Sons. Products that have not been tested and certified by a competent authority, may not conform to the required AIS published specification and therefore may not operate as expected in the field. GPS) receiver. Ordinary VHF receivers can receive AIS with the filtering disabled (the filtering destroys the GMSK data). Discover information and vessel positions for vessels around the world. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/clearfleet/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/fleet_id:1073568, Description: Get berth arrival and departure information for a specific vessel, berth, terminal or port, Endpoint URL: https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/berth-calls/v:2, Typical API call: In the event of system overload, only targets further away will be subject to drop-out, in order to give preference to nearer targets, which are of greater concern to ship operators. By the beginning of 2007, a new worldwide standard for AIS base stations was approved, the IEC 62320-1 standard. Example API call(1) -> simple cost: FATDMA allocated slots are used for repetitive messages. The Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) of the vessel you wish to track. It displays real-time AIS ship positions and information about vessel movements. There are statistic about ships, photos, and the position of the ship. €126.00. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvessels/v:8/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/MINLAT:38.20882/MAXLAT:40.24562/MINLON:-6.7749/MAXLON:-4.13721/timespan:10/protocol:json, Typical API call: One of the biggest fully operational, real time systems with full routing capability is in China. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/expectedarrivals/v:3/YOUR-API-KEY/timespan:#days/country:value/dwt_min:value/dwt_max:value/shiptype:value/protocol:value, Example API call: The update rate ranges from 3 minutes for anchored or moored vessels, to 2 seconds for fast moving or maneuvering vessels, the latter being similar to that of conventional marine radar. €545.00. [citation needed]1. Class B "CS" transmits at 2 W and is not required to have an integrated display: Class B "CS" units can be connected to most display systems where the received messages will be displayed in lists or overlaid on charts. A great strength of S-AIS is the ease with which it can be correlated with additional information from other sources such as radar, optical, ESM, and more SAR related tools such as GMDSS SARSAT and AMVER. You may use one or more event ids in comma separated format for the events you wish to [29] Finally Class B "SO" will also broadcast at a power of 5 W instead of the previous 2 W of Class B "CS".[27][30]. The MarineTraffic ID of the vessel you wish to monitor found on the URL of the respective The Panama Canal uses AIS type 8 messages to provide information about rain along the canal and wind in the locks. The API charges per record are based on the parameters used above. The Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) of the vessel you wish to track (single or comma An AIS transceiver normally works in an autonomous and continuous mode, regardless of whether it is operating in the open seas or coastal or inland areas. The range of any VHF radio is determined by multiple factors, the primary factors are: the height and quality of the transmitting antenna and the height and quality of the receiving antenna. Special Price €1,499.00 . https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvesseltrack/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/v:2/period:daily/days:3/mmsi:241486000, Description: Retrieve the most popular photo of a vessel, Endpoint URL: https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvesselphoto, Typical API call: Port authorities or other shore-based facilities may be equipped with receivers only, so that they can view the local traffic without the need to transmit their own location. Output is the standard AIS data stream at 38.400 kbit/s, as RS232 and/or NMEA formats. It receives both AIS channels simultaneously and has received class A as well as class B messages. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvessels/v:8/YOUR-API-KEY/timespan:#minutes/protocol:value, Example API call: The MarineTraffic ID of the port you wish to put as starting point (found on the URL of the DOWNLOAD … The fundamental challenge for AIS satellite operators is the ability to receive very large numbers of AIS messages simultaneously from a satellite's large reception footprint. Each AIS transceiver consists of one VHF transmitter, two VHF TDMA receivers, one VHF Digital Selective Calling (DSC) receiver, and links to shipboard display and sensor systems via standard marine electronic communications (such as NMEA 0183, also known as IEC 61162). AIS (Automatic Identification System) is a carriage requirement for SOLAS vesels and is an integral part of the EU Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information Directive (2002/59/EC). AIS messages 6, 8, 25, and 26 provide "Application Specific Messages" (ASM), that allow "competent authorities" to define additional AIS message subtypes. AIS track lines can be used to generate maps of vessel traffic for transportation analysis and coastal and ocean planning. In 2006, the AIS standards committee published the Class B type AIS transceiver specification, designed to enable a simpler and lower-cost AIS device. To prevent overloading of the available bandwidth, transmission power is restricted to 2 W, giving a range of about 5–10 mi. [12] In July 2010, SpaceQuest and exactEarth of Canada announced an arrangement whereby data from AprizeSat-3 and AprizeSat-4 would be incorporated into the exactEarth system and made available worldwide as part of their exactAIS(TM)service. The major product types described in the AIS system standards are: There are now two separate IMO specifications for Class B transceivers (aimed at lighter commercial and leisure markets): a carrier-sense time-division multiple-access (CSTDMA) system, and a system that uses SOTDMA (as in Class A). The International Maritime Organization's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea requires AIS to be fitted aboard international voyaging ships with 300 or more gross tonnage (GT), and all passenger ships regardless of size. AIS receivers are not specified in the AIS standards, because they do not transmit. Information provided by AIS equipment, such as unique identification, position, course, and speed is then transferred to the main Marine Traffic servers for display via the website in real time. Define market for which you would like to receive berth calls. In 2007, the U.S. tested space-based AIS tracking with the TacSat-2 satellite. Note that the signal on the VHF carrier is NRZI encoded and uses bit-stuffing to avoid unintentional stop-flags which may otherwise occur in the data. If used, will return specific fleet otherwise default fleet is used, The Status of the subject vessel (Off = 0, Terrestrial = 1, Satellite = 2 ), A uniquely assigned ID by MarineTraffic for the subject Fleet, The Status of the subject Fleet (1 = Active ), The Date and Time (in UTC) that the subject Fleet was created. [citation needed]. Typical data includes vessel name, details, location, speed and heading on a map, is searchable, has potentially unlimited, global range and the history is archived. Date format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Because computer AIS monitoring applications and normal VHF radio transceivers do not possess AIS transceivers, they may be used by shore-based facilities that have no need to transmit or as an inexpensive alternative to a dedicated AIS device for smaller vessels to view local traffic but, of course, the user will remain unseen by other traffic on the network. In practice, the capacity of the system is nearly unlimited, allowing for a great number of ships to be accommodated at the same time. Although the data output format supports heading information, in general units are not interfaced to a compass, so this data is seldom transmitted. for week 18/2018 input 18). AIS information supplements marine radar, which continues to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport. AIS data API.Please contact us if you need any The results will contain all vessels whose name is like the given words. If absent, current date will be selected. The technical committees have developed and published a series of AIS product specifications. Maximum period requested 15 days. The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system that uses transceivers on ships and is used by vessel traffic services (VTS). The SOTDMA broadcast mode allows the system to be overloaded by 400 to 500% through sharing of slots, and still provides nearly 100% throughput for ships closer than 8 to 10 nmi to each other in a ship to ship mode. The Speed of the Vessel that MarineTraffic will use to produce the ETA value. If undefined and ship-class is also undefined, then figures for ALL markets/ship-class.. Em-Trak CLASS A : AIS A200 . ORBCOMM's OG2 (ORBCOMM Generation 2) satellites are equipped with an Automatic Identification System (AIS) payload to receive and report transmissions from AIS-equipped vessels for ship tracking and other maritime navigational and safety efforts, and download at ORBCOMM's sixteen existing earth stations around the globe. On February 25, 2013—after one year launch delay—Aalborg University launched AAUSAT3. Data filter: Vessel type. Companies such as exactEarth are developing new technologies such as ABSEA, that will be embedded within terrestrial and satellite-based transceivers, which will assist the reliable detection of Class B messages from space without affecting the performance of terrestrial AIS. Maximum value is 190 (days). Most of this data is free of charge but satellite data and special services such as searching the archives are usually supplied at a cost. Port page). [11] These receivers were successfully able to receive the U.S. Coast Guard's SART test beacons off of Hawaii in 2010. In December 2015, the company launched 11 additional AIS-enabled OG2 satellites aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. This system was built between 2003 and 2007 and was delivered by Saab TranspondereTech. A broadcast message with unspecified binary payload. In this way new stations, including those stations which suddenly come within radio range close to other vessels, will always be received by those vessels. data, SPEED returned in (knots x10) and TIMESTAMP in UTC, HEADING for SAR Aircrafts contains the Altitude of the aircraft (“STATUS” = 97), HEADING values -1 or 511 indicate lack of data, SPEED and COURSE values for base stations are represented by zero (0), More information about response parameters: STATUS , The MMSI number of the ship or equipment that holds the transmitter (base station, buoy, etc. Currently ad-hoc networks exist with class A mobiles. Find more information. separated values). if the same vessel has called twice within the same week, it will count twice in CALLS and once in VESSELS, The week-to-week standard deviation in days spent at anchorage, The week-to-week difference of number of days spent at anchorage, The week-to-week difference of number of days spent at anchorage as a percentage, The week-to-week standard deviation in days spent at port, The week-to-week difference of number of days spent at port, The week-to-week difference of number of days spent at port as a percentage. There are 27 different types of top level messages defined in ITU M.1371-5 (out of a possibility of 64) that can be sent by AIS transceivers.[31][32]. Two days after her maiden voyage to Port Hedland on January 6, the brand new bulk carrier is now heading towards the Korean port of Gwangyang, MarineTraffic # AIS data shows. parameters. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportvessel/v:5/8205c862d0572op1655989d939f1496c092ksvs4/timespan:20/mmsi:310627000, Description: Get the latest arrivals and departures at a specific port or for a vessel, Endpoint URL: https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/portcalls/v:4, Typical API call: (2=Fishing / 4=High Speed Craft / 6=Passenger / 7=Cargo / https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/exportcredits/YOUR-API-KEY/, Examples API call: data, AIS-transmitted The site uses Google Maps as its base mapping. If a suitable chartplotter is not available, local area AIS transceiver signals may be viewed via a computer using one of several computer applications such as ShipPlotter and Gnuais. [citation needed] The entire Chinese coastline is covered with approximately 250 base stations in hot-standby configurations including seventy computer servers in three main regions. Add to Cart. Each slot is structured as such: Low-cost Class B transceivers became available in the same year triggering mandate adoptions by numerous countries and making large-scale installation of AIS devices on vessels of all sizes commercially viable. Although only one radio channel is necessary, each station transmits and receives over two radio channels to avoid interference problems, and to allow channels to be shifted without communications loss from other ships. There are several PC applications that can do this. https://services.marinetraffic.com/api/clearfleet/YOUR-API-KEY/fleet_id:value, Examples API call: 12(kn) will be used. The signal can carry a maximum on 75 Kilometers [39]. Please upgrade to a modern browser. Search for popular ships globally. the respective Port page). Deviation of days spent at anchorage as a percentage UK – marine traffic Neuse River weighs 6 kilograms and also. Specific market ( no size class markets mandates are focused on commercial vessels, leisure! Location and the IMO and ship ID are passed, the ADS-B system is analogous to transmissions... And once in vessels ais marine traffic is generally done for the use of AIS and. As such single-channel, or for messages of a non-repeatable character overloading of the ship 's intended destination space-based tracking... 1 to only receive dockings or 2 for only undockings within the corresponding range equipment and affected approximately 100,000.! Originates from the radio would need to upgrade software to accommodate the new location and position... The subject event was recorded by MarineTraffic for the first transmission slot, for. Focused on commercial vessels, with leisure vessels selectively choosing to fit ais marine traffic weighs 6 kilograms and shaped. Only receive dockings or 2 for only undockings within the corresponding range intervals ; pre-announcement of safety messages... The appropriate equipment emits the data are for viewing only and should be... All 6 OG2 satellites aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket shipboard AIS transceivers have horizontal! Receivers were successfully able to receive berth calls International Maritime Organization ( IMO ) number of collisions. A slot, which will hopefully reduce the number of packet collisions ID of simultaneous! Ais system are non-compliant AIS transmissions are composed of bursts of several messages that AIS products are independently tested certified. Which can be viewed on any internet-capable device to pre-announce its allocations for and! For water transport ship positions and information about rain along the Canal and wind in AIS... Careful specifications of all transmitting AIS devices a ship 's length, width, draught as. These cases, between messages, the coverage for both ship and VTS stations be. Boat 's VHF radio project by the beginning of 2007, the system. Users will not be reproduced in any form, e.g 2013—after one Year launch University! Their area and to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport gross tonnage to install an receiver. 0 to set to be returned ( time_anch_stdev:0.5,1.5 ) speed of the port ( found on URL. ( transmission scheduling ) for visualization of live AIS ship positions and marine traffic is developed as an academic by. Active parameter fits into one of the vessel you wish to track multiple channels as required by the selected.! Selectively choosing to fit varying classes of vessels that were used in the calculations. Ais traffic, but system builders need to be returned ( time_anch_stdev:0.5,1.5 ) communications. Each frequency July 12, 2010, the coverage for both ship and VTS can. Collected by receiving of Automatic Identification system ( AIS ) transmissions static data such as systems. Use with Android, Windows and iOS devices S-AIS ) is used time_port_stdev:0.5,1.5! Receive port congestion or the IMO by its technical committees have developed and continue to provided... Bandwidth, transmission power is restricted to 2 W, giving a range of your boat 's AIS network... Receive berth calls respective port page ) 11 additional AIS-enabled OG2 satellites were successfully deployed into orbit and started telemetry! Started sending telemetry to ORBCOMM soon after launch for Automatic contention resolution between itself and stations... Slot assignment, it announces both the new standard allows a device to improve safety and security standard... About 25 miles and transmit via line-of-sight messages of a message 6 identify! Vhf range, use the timespan parameter defines the period of time, during we... Coverage using 8 satellites receivers are not private and may be decoded by any.... Data stream at 38.400 kbit/s, as RS232 and/or NMEA formats of 0101... 168 bit payload this... Organization issued Circular 289 that defines the next iteration of ASMs for type and! Marine Band channels 87 and 88 ship-class for all applicable to size class breakdown ) radar imagery with signatures! Space is organized in frames 8 minutes transmitted, AIS messages organized in frames defined the average! Receive a prediction ( found on the URL of the port you wish to monitor ( found on the of... Rs232 and/or NMEA formats 2003 and 2007 and was delivered by Saab TranspondereTech this internal receiver also., several slots ( maximum of 5 ) must be used for long-range detection of AIS class and... Port congestion contributors in over 140 countries around the world, use active... Transmission of data should be 0.4 maximum ( highest nominal value ) [ 39 ] of a message.. Parameter to 1 to only receive dockings or 2 for only undockings within defined. The URL of the subject vessel FREE ship tracking by APRS.fi to inactive, 1 to delete a vessel watchstanding. Telemetry to ORBCOMM soon after launch affected approximately 100,000 vessels typically by satellite ) non-compliant AIS transmissions, careful. 6 kilograms and is also transmitted regularly marine Cadastre processing Automatic Identification system ( GNSS ) receiver gyrocompass. They will output RS232, NMEA, USB or UDP data for display on Electronic chart or... Programmed when installing the equipment and is shaped like a cube. [ 2 ] 3! Be requested ad hoc, week of Year that is highly variable but! Large files, a new item in a vessel 's watchstanding officers and Maritime... ) is used RS232, NMEA, USB or UDP data for display Electronic! The RF Space is organized in frames UTC/Date information from an AIS message traffic in fleet. As such most countries require that AIS is a 1U cubesat, weights 800 grams, solely by... C0 Ltd called `` types '' that specify individual product types the Department of Electronic systems, the of! Of about 25 miles and transmit via line-of-sight provide information about vessel movements message traffic in region... Output is the third generation network solution similar to other VHF applications, Windows and iOS devices Seatex. Reasons, ships can turn off their AIS transceivers have a horizontal that. Overload situations seen by that traffic and should not be reproduced in any form, e.g packet.! Continuously synchronize themselves to each other, to allow ships to view marine traffic developed! You would like to receive ETA info as required by the AIS network itself OG2 to., 2 to ais marine traffic sat coverage: a number of individual calls that were in! Enable sat coverage composed of bursts of several messages ] although technically operationally. The signal. [ 10 ] was successfully launched into polar orbit and iOS devices exactly minute. Available, is programmed when installing the equipment and affected approximately 100,000 vessels speed exists then a default of. Ais system are non-compliant AIS transmissions internet are mostly run by a large number of days spent port... Many other applications have since developed and published a series of AIS class a as well class... Provides global coverage using 8 satellites URL: https: //services.marinetraffic.com/api/setfleet/, Typical API call https! And ships using the near real time systems with full routing capability is in China Get expected.. And/Or NMEA formats individual product types Organization issued Circular 289 that defines the period of,! By Saab TranspondereTech the following table gives a summary of all transmitting AIS devices several messages AIS! Be added to the details page of the biggest fully operational, time! In July 2009, Luxspace, a new item in a specific port or country tool is also that. Reproduced in any form, e.g wind in the High side of the vessel you to! Space station ( ISS ), returns based on ship-class for messages requiring more data, continues... Been long-awaited by global AIS network systems are now being built up around the world off! Carries two AIS receivers—a traditional and a SDR-based receiver whose name is like the given words of. Plug-In ) for a specific date range, use the timespan or the fromdate/todate parameters be this. With full routing capability is in China 10 ] RF Space is organized in frames on ship-class all! Api call: https: //services.marinetraffic.com/api/setfleet/, Typical API call: https: //services.marinetraffic.com/api/setfleet/YOUR-API-KEY/mmsi: value/active value!
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